Babyhood period: ( 2 weeks to 2 years ) Babyhood is an age of rapid growth and development. Babies grow rapidly both physically and psychologically. Changes are rapid in appearance (height and weight) and capacities. The limbs develop in better proportion to the large head. Intellectual growth and change are parallel to physical growth and change. Babyhood is the true foundation age. At this time, many behavior patterns, attitudes and emotional expressions are established.. Ability grows to recognize and respond to people and objects in the environment. The baby is able to understand many things and communicate its needs and wants.
Behavior problems:
1. The babyhood is an age of decreasing dependency. The baby begins to do things to himself /herself. With decrease of dependency, a rebellion against being treated as baby. A protest takes protest comes in the form of angry outbursts and crying when independence is denied. 2. It is an age of high individuality which can be realized in appearance and in patterns of behavior.
3. It is a critical period in setting the pattern for personal and emotional adjustments.
4. Babyhood is the beginning of Creativity, sex role and socialization for adjustment in future life.
5. There is much difference with the behavior of adolescents and adults and often from those of older children.
Emotional problems:
1. In babyhood, the emotions are differentiated and they are aroused by a number of stimuli. There are two distinct types of emotions.
2. Emotions are more easily conditioned during babyhood than at latter stage. This is due to the reason that the intellectual abilities of babies are limited.
3. They respond easily and quickly to stimuli. Anyhow there is hesitation to respond in some cases of emotional conditions.
4. Babyhood is a hazardous period. The physical hazards are illness, accidents, disabilities and death. Psychological hazards are emotional disinterests and negative attitudes.
Social problems: Early social experiences play a dominant role in determining the baby’s future social relationships and patterns of behavior towards others. Also, making a change in the pattern of behavior that has become habitual is never easy. Nor is there any guaranty that the change will be complete.
Care taking of baby children: During babyhood period, many behaviors, good and bad, begin to appear. The parents should be careful of their babies. The behaviors formed at this age serve as the basic foundation for the future.
1. Good behaviors should be encouraged to develop and continue. As appreciation, the child may be patted with some gifts.
2. The children at this stage are generally obstinate in most of the things. They should be carefully handled to the expectations of the parents.
3. Selfishness is seen with all babies. It is purely temporary, and so the parents should not try to spoil the rod.
4. Good habits must be taught and trained accordingly to their taste and temperament.
5. Anger, fear and weeping for nothing are seen at times. These things should not be allowed to continue.
6. Since the baby’s life is centered on home, it is here that the foundations for later behavior and attitudes should be laid.
7. During the first year of the babyhood, babies are in a state of equilibrium which makes them friendly, easy to handle and pleasant to be with. Around the middle of second year, the equilibrium is tilted making the baby fussy, non cooperative, and difficult to handle.
However, equilibrium is restored so that the babies begin to exhibit again pleasant and social behavior, so no fear or worries needed.
Saturday, November 29, 2008
PROBLEMS AND CARE TAKING OF NEWBORNS
Partunate period: (From birth to 15 to 30 minutes) This refers to the time the baby emerges from mother’s body until the cutting and tying of the umbilical cord. Until this, the child is a parasite and makes no adjustments to the postnatal environment.
Period of neonate: (From birth to two weeks) This refers to the period from the cutting and tying of umbilical cord to approximately the end of second week of postnatal period. The infant is now separate, independent, individual and no longer a parasite. During this period the infant begins to make adjustments to the new environment outside the mother’s body.
Behavior problems:
1. Infancy is the shortest of all developmental periods. Infancy begins with birth and ends when it is two weeks old. It is the time that the fetus must adjust to life outside the uterine walls of the mother after approximately nine months. It requires approximately two weeks to adjusting to the new environment outside the mother’s body.
2. Infancy is a plateau in development. The rapid growth and development which took place during the prenatal period suddenly come to stop with birth. There is a slight regression such as loss of weight, less strong and healthy than it was at the time of birth. This characteristic of plateau is due to the necessity for radical adjustments to the postnatal environment. Once the adjustments are made the infant resumes its growth and development. So no fear should be there about this characteristic.
3. Infancy is a preview of the later development. It is not possible to predict exactly what the future development of the individual will be on the basis of the development at birth. We notice only a clue of what to expect later on.
4. Infancy is a hazardous period both physically and psychologically. Physically the infant finds it difficult in making adjustments to the new environment. Psychologically the infant suffers a little when the attitudes of significant people towards the infant radically changes.
Adjustment problems:
1. Change in temperature requires adjustment. There is a constant temperature of 100*F in the uterine sac and it is 60 to 70*F in the hospital or at home.
2. Breathing by own starts. When the umbilical cord is cut off, the infant must begin to breathe on its own.
3. Sucking and swallowing starts. When the umbilical cord is cut off, The child gets nourishment by the reflexes of sucking and swallowing instead of receiving it from the mother through umbilical cord.
4. Elimination of waste products begins. Letting out urine and stools is not a matter of adjustment. But some infants are seen to have trouble shooting with elimination matters.
Emotional conditions: Specific and identifiable emotions cannot be seen at birth. Anyhow emotional reactions may be described as facial expressions of pleasantness and unpleasantness. These are characterized by the relaxing and tensing of the body. Whatever may be the stimulus the resultant emotion is intense and instant.
Care tacking of newborns at home: Use of an innovative product called Itzbeen baby care Timer which is available onto the market designed to help the parents to take care of infants. You can have warning alarms set for feeding, waking and diaper changing. It is of light weight & easy to carry everywhere.
External support service: Connected with newborn baby care-how to take care of newborn baby, you can avail the best extra local services wisely to care taking of your baby. * Expert Advice Service Centers caring for newborns with latest information
* Parent to parent Meet and Support Link Service
* Day Care Centers with all provisions and protection with parental care
* Departmental Stores selling hygienic baby products and other baby gadgets like feeding accessories, bottle warmers, breast pumps and car sheets.
Period of neonate: (From birth to two weeks) This refers to the period from the cutting and tying of umbilical cord to approximately the end of second week of postnatal period. The infant is now separate, independent, individual and no longer a parasite. During this period the infant begins to make adjustments to the new environment outside the mother’s body.
Behavior problems:
1. Infancy is the shortest of all developmental periods. Infancy begins with birth and ends when it is two weeks old. It is the time that the fetus must adjust to life outside the uterine walls of the mother after approximately nine months. It requires approximately two weeks to adjusting to the new environment outside the mother’s body.
2. Infancy is a plateau in development. The rapid growth and development which took place during the prenatal period suddenly come to stop with birth. There is a slight regression such as loss of weight, less strong and healthy than it was at the time of birth. This characteristic of plateau is due to the necessity for radical adjustments to the postnatal environment. Once the adjustments are made the infant resumes its growth and development. So no fear should be there about this characteristic.
3. Infancy is a preview of the later development. It is not possible to predict exactly what the future development of the individual will be on the basis of the development at birth. We notice only a clue of what to expect later on.
4. Infancy is a hazardous period both physically and psychologically. Physically the infant finds it difficult in making adjustments to the new environment. Psychologically the infant suffers a little when the attitudes of significant people towards the infant radically changes.
Adjustment problems:
1. Change in temperature requires adjustment. There is a constant temperature of 100*F in the uterine sac and it is 60 to 70*F in the hospital or at home.
2. Breathing by own starts. When the umbilical cord is cut off, the infant must begin to breathe on its own.
3. Sucking and swallowing starts. When the umbilical cord is cut off, The child gets nourishment by the reflexes of sucking and swallowing instead of receiving it from the mother through umbilical cord.
4. Elimination of waste products begins. Letting out urine and stools is not a matter of adjustment. But some infants are seen to have trouble shooting with elimination matters.
Emotional conditions: Specific and identifiable emotions cannot be seen at birth. Anyhow emotional reactions may be described as facial expressions of pleasantness and unpleasantness. These are characterized by the relaxing and tensing of the body. Whatever may be the stimulus the resultant emotion is intense and instant.
Care tacking of newborns at home: Use of an innovative product called Itzbeen baby care Timer which is available onto the market designed to help the parents to take care of infants. You can have warning alarms set for feeding, waking and diaper changing. It is of light weight & easy to carry everywhere.
External support service: Connected with newborn baby care-how to take care of newborn baby, you can avail the best extra local services wisely to care taking of your baby. * Expert Advice Service Centers caring for newborns with latest information
* Parent to parent Meet and Support Link Service
* Day Care Centers with all provisions and protection with parental care
* Departmental Stores selling hygienic baby products and other baby gadgets like feeding accessories, bottle warmers, breast pumps and car sheets.
KNOW YOUR CHILD ( Late Childhood )
Characteristics of late childhood: Late childhood extends from the age of 6 years to 12 years. By 12, the child becomes sexually mature.
For most of the young children, there is a major change in the pattern of their lives. While adjusting to the new demands and expectations, the children are in a state of disequilibrium. They are emotionally disturbed. Many changes take place in attitudes, values and behavior. During the last one year or two, marked physical changes take place. The physical changes at the end of this stage create a disequilibrium resulting in the disturbance of accustomed life style.
Sloppy age: It is a troublesome age by which the children are no longer willing to do what they are told to do. Older children, especially boys, are careless about their clothes and other material possessions. Such an age is called as the 'sloppy age'. Again it is regarded as a quarrelsome age because we can see the boy child and girl child often indulged in mini quarrels. It is at this stage that the children acquire the rudiments of knowledge that are considered as essential for successful adjustment to adult life. Again there is a gang spirit in which the major concern is the acceptance by the age-mates in a gang. There is a team spirit in play activities and creative works. Physical growth gives a predictable future in body structure with reference to weight and height. Physical growth in sex matters become more pronounced. Puberty growth spurts a little later for boys than girls.
Development of skills:
i) Play skills ii) School skills iii) Self help skills iv) Social help skills v) Hand skills vi) Speech skills vii) Pronunciation skills viii) Vocabulary skills ix) Health maintenance skills Notable
Changes in behaviors:
i) Unpleasant emotions are socially unacceptable ii) Expression of anger in moodiness iii) Heightened emotional expressions iv) Learning to curb external emotional expressions v) Boys have more extensive peer groups than girls vi) Not satisfied with associates vii) Aim for socio-metric status in age-mates viii) Desire for leadership in peers ix) Constructive play activities x) Exploring and collecting things.
For most of the young children, there is a major change in the pattern of their lives. While adjusting to the new demands and expectations, the children are in a state of disequilibrium. They are emotionally disturbed. Many changes take place in attitudes, values and behavior. During the last one year or two, marked physical changes take place. The physical changes at the end of this stage create a disequilibrium resulting in the disturbance of accustomed life style.
Sloppy age: It is a troublesome age by which the children are no longer willing to do what they are told to do. Older children, especially boys, are careless about their clothes and other material possessions. Such an age is called as the 'sloppy age'. Again it is regarded as a quarrelsome age because we can see the boy child and girl child often indulged in mini quarrels. It is at this stage that the children acquire the rudiments of knowledge that are considered as essential for successful adjustment to adult life. Again there is a gang spirit in which the major concern is the acceptance by the age-mates in a gang. There is a team spirit in play activities and creative works. Physical growth gives a predictable future in body structure with reference to weight and height. Physical growth in sex matters become more pronounced. Puberty growth spurts a little later for boys than girls.
Development of skills:
i) Play skills ii) School skills iii) Self help skills iv) Social help skills v) Hand skills vi) Speech skills vii) Pronunciation skills viii) Vocabulary skills ix) Health maintenance skills Notable
Changes in behaviors:
i) Unpleasant emotions are socially unacceptable ii) Expression of anger in moodiness iii) Heightened emotional expressions iv) Learning to curb external emotional expressions v) Boys have more extensive peer groups than girls vi) Not satisfied with associates vii) Aim for socio-metric status in age-mates viii) Desire for leadership in peers ix) Constructive play activities x) Exploring and collecting things.
KNOW YOUR CHILD ( Early Childhood )
Characteristics of early childhood:( 2 to 6 yrs.)
i) Babyhood is a distinctive period in the life span. It is a problem age or troublesome age for parents since most of them are centered around the baby’s physical care. In childhood, behavior problems become more frequent and more troublesome than the physical care problems in babyhood. Since the behavior problems dominate the early childhood, the young children develop distinctive personalities and aspire for independence. Also, they are very often obstinate, stubborn, disobedient, protesting and antagonistic. They are often bothered by day dreams at night and irrational fears during day times and suffer from jealousies.
ii) The dependency during babyhood changes to independence on attaining childhood age. In many occasions, they seem to reject the help offered by elders. Still, the early childhood is an age of playing with toys in most of the time. When the children enter the first standard in school, they begin to be engaged in games and modified form of sports without toys. Anyhow, when alone, the children are seen to play with toys.
iii) It is the pre gang age during which the children learn the foundations of social behavior. As a general rule, during the pre school years, children find social contacts with members of their own sex more pleasurable than those with members of the opposite sex.
iv) It is an exploratory age in the sense that they want to know what their environment is and how it works, how it feels, and how they can be a part of it.
v) It is an imitative age. Imitations of speech and actions of others are prevalent. Imitative nature develops creative talents.
vi) Early childhood is also known as an age of chatterbox. The reason for this is that once they are able to speak with ease, many children speak much and more than others. The other children, by contrast, are relatively silent who are named as `Silent Sams’
vii) It is an ideal age to learn various skills by repeated trials and adventurous attempts. The skills are learned easily and quickly.
viii) Improvement in speech and comprehension is an important matter. Skills in building up a vocabulary, mastering pronunciation and combining words into sentences are in rapid growth.
ix) Moral development is on a slow level. This is because the intellectual development has not reached the point where the children can learn or apply the abstract principles of right and wrong. They learn how to act in specific situations without knowing why they do so. Even bright children tend to be poor in learning how to behave in a socially approved way is a long and difficult process. Children may be told not to do something one day but the next day or even the day after that, they may have forgotten what they were told not to do so. Thus what may appear willful disobedience is often only a case of forgetting. They obey rules without using reason or judgment because they regard adults in authority in omni point. They judge all acts as right or wrong in terms of the consequences rather than in terms of motivation behind them. They view a matter a wrong one in punishment.
x) Development of consciousness is not up to expectation. They do not feel guilty or ashamed if they caught doing something. What they know is wrong Instead they may be frightened at they prospect of punishment or they may try to rationalize their acts in the hope of escaping punishment.
xi) Question asking behavior is another important concern. The questions asked at beginning are concerned with physical causality and then on diverse number of categories. If they are not satisfied in the answer, they use to raise more and more questions in chain until they are satisfied. Also they feel proud of themselves asking such questions with aspirations.
i) Babyhood is a distinctive period in the life span. It is a problem age or troublesome age for parents since most of them are centered around the baby’s physical care. In childhood, behavior problems become more frequent and more troublesome than the physical care problems in babyhood. Since the behavior problems dominate the early childhood, the young children develop distinctive personalities and aspire for independence. Also, they are very often obstinate, stubborn, disobedient, protesting and antagonistic. They are often bothered by day dreams at night and irrational fears during day times and suffer from jealousies.
ii) The dependency during babyhood changes to independence on attaining childhood age. In many occasions, they seem to reject the help offered by elders. Still, the early childhood is an age of playing with toys in most of the time. When the children enter the first standard in school, they begin to be engaged in games and modified form of sports without toys. Anyhow, when alone, the children are seen to play with toys.
iii) It is the pre gang age during which the children learn the foundations of social behavior. As a general rule, during the pre school years, children find social contacts with members of their own sex more pleasurable than those with members of the opposite sex.
iv) It is an exploratory age in the sense that they want to know what their environment is and how it works, how it feels, and how they can be a part of it.
v) It is an imitative age. Imitations of speech and actions of others are prevalent. Imitative nature develops creative talents.
vi) Early childhood is also known as an age of chatterbox. The reason for this is that once they are able to speak with ease, many children speak much and more than others. The other children, by contrast, are relatively silent who are named as `Silent Sams’
vii) It is an ideal age to learn various skills by repeated trials and adventurous attempts. The skills are learned easily and quickly.
viii) Improvement in speech and comprehension is an important matter. Skills in building up a vocabulary, mastering pronunciation and combining words into sentences are in rapid growth.
ix) Moral development is on a slow level. This is because the intellectual development has not reached the point where the children can learn or apply the abstract principles of right and wrong. They learn how to act in specific situations without knowing why they do so. Even bright children tend to be poor in learning how to behave in a socially approved way is a long and difficult process. Children may be told not to do something one day but the next day or even the day after that, they may have forgotten what they were told not to do so. Thus what may appear willful disobedience is often only a case of forgetting. They obey rules without using reason or judgment because they regard adults in authority in omni point. They judge all acts as right or wrong in terms of the consequences rather than in terms of motivation behind them. They view a matter a wrong one in punishment.
x) Development of consciousness is not up to expectation. They do not feel guilty or ashamed if they caught doing something. What they know is wrong Instead they may be frightened at they prospect of punishment or they may try to rationalize their acts in the hope of escaping punishment.
xi) Question asking behavior is another important concern. The questions asked at beginning are concerned with physical causality and then on diverse number of categories. If they are not satisfied in the answer, they use to raise more and more questions in chain until they are satisfied. Also they feel proud of themselves asking such questions with aspirations.
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